In this study, a judgment rendered by a court regarding a claim made by an Iranian airline company against the Bank of Agriculture and an currency exchange has been examined. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the appropriateness of an order of dismissal rendered by an appellate court. The analysis in this research is based on two main assumptions: first, the subject matter of the claim, i.e. the demand for consideration contained in a contract taking into account the change of the currency stipulated in the contract from dollars to rubles; And secondly, the subject matter of the claim is a demand for damages. The results of the research indicate that if the court has concluded that the contract has been terminated due to a change of the agreed upon currency and has been replaced by a new contract with new obligations and moreover, this new contract has been canceled due to ex parte or mutual termination, issuing an order of dismissal is reasonable and justified. On the other hand, if the subject matter of the claim is related to demand for damages, the order of dismissal seems to be incorrect. One of the weaknesses contained in the judgment is lack of clarity and transparency in determining the subject of the claim, which can cause a problem in compliance of legal rules and regulations with the subject matter of the dispute and give rise to doubt concerning the fairness of the trial. This study emphasizes the need to take greater care to ensure compliance of the subject matter of a claim with laws and legal rules.