The Journal of Critical Analysis of Judicial Decisions

The Journal of Critical Analysis of Judicial Decisions

Making Civil Liability fair in the Iranian Legal system by Using a Kind of Relative Standard (Critique and Justification of Judicial Precedent Based on a Philosophical, Paradigmatic and Comparative Study)

Document Type : Criticism of the judgment of the Court of Appeal

Author
Alireza Abin
Assistant Professor, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
10.22034/analysis.2026.2079317.1157
Abstract
If we want to remove the moral, conscientious, and fair view from civil liability law and impose theories based on strict and sometimes harsh logic of corrective justice upon it, we must inevitably accept materialization and objectification of legal standards and rules. On the other hand, if we were to introduce fairness, the dryness of corrective justice will undoubtedly be reduced, the rules of civil responsibility would be softened and more flexibly adapted to the specific and concrete circumstances of the parties to the dispute. However, the study of the history of law shows that legal systems have always faced the question of how to resolve, or at least reduce, the conflict or contradiction between the two goals of "materialization" and "humanization" of legal doctrines. By using the analytical and comparative method and by exploiting library resources, the writer will, in this article, show that one of the most important ways to reduce this tension is to use a standard that is considered as a general theory of "hybrid or relative objectivity"; a perspective that can affect the fields of legislation, interpretation, implementation and legal institution building.One of the advantages of utilizing this idea in civil liability law is the emergence of the perspective of making civil liability fair (or proportionate); a perspective that has fortunately found its way into some judgments, but is still far from reaching its intended goal.


Keywords
Fairness
ethics
Article 4 of the Civil Liability Code
mitigation in the amount of damages
relative objectivity criterion
critique and justification of judicial precedent
legal proportionality
justification and critique of pattern recognition of judicial precedent
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