نوع مقاله : نقد رای دادگاه کیفری
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Abstract
The determination of “multiple offenses” (ta’addod-e jorm) in the context of alcoholic beverage crimes, particularly when involving both domestic and foreign spirits, presents a significant jurisprudential and legal challenge within the Iranian criminal justice system. While Article 134 of the Islamic Penal Code (2013) establishes a general framework for multiple offenses, its practical application—specifically in distinguishing between “similar” and “dissimilar” crimes—remains highly contentious among legal scholars and practitioners.
This article employs an analytical-comparative research methodology to examine the complexities of criminal liability in these cases. Central to this study is a critical analysis of the judicial reasoning observed in the ruling of Branch 114 of the Qom Criminal Court (No. 14040239000214884). Through this case study, we demonstrate that the prevailing judicial approach often relies on superficial thematic similarities, such as the mere presence of alcohol, rather than a rigorous legal distinction. We argue that this reliance on “subjective similarity” fails to account for the structural and legal nuances mandated by Article 134, leading to inconsistent sentencing and a lack of legal predictability.
Our findings suggest that such inconsistencies undermine the deterrent effect and the principle of legality within the Iranian criminal justice system. To resolve this ambiguity, this article proposes the formal adoption of the “Objectivity Theory” (Nazariyye-ye Ayniyyat). This theoretical framework posits that multiple offenses should be defined based on the complete correspondence of the legal elements, the structural integrity of each individual crime, and the specific legislative intent behind the sentencing provisions.
By transitioning from a subjective interpretation to this proposed objective criteria, we demonstrate how the judiciary can better distinguish between “similar” and “dissimilar” offenses. This shift ensures that sentencing for complex cases involving combined domestic and foreign liquor offenses remains proportional, fair, and aligned with the core principles of justice. Ultimately, this study provides a robust, practical solution for judicial practitioners and policymakers, contributing to the ongoing efforts to refine criminal law reforms and standardize sentencing procedures in the Iranian legal landscape.
Keywords: Multiple Offenses, Article 134, Alcoholic Beverages, Objectivity Theory, Criminal Sentencing, Judicial Procedure, Iranian Criminal Law.
کلیدواژهها English
· قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392.
· قانون اصلاح قانون مبارزه با قاچاق کالا و ارز مصوب ۱۴۰۰.
15. فتحی، محمدجواد؛ کرامتی معز، هادی؛ احمدی، آیدا (۱۴۰5)، «چالشهای جزای نقدی نسبی در حقوق کیفری ایران»، دوفصلنامه تحقیق و توسعه در حقوق کیفری و جرمشناسی، 3(5)، 295–324. Doi: 10.22034/jclc.2026.2067219.1225
